pacer's New Writeupshttp://everything2.com/?node=New%20Writeups%20Atom%20Feed&foruser=pacer2003-10-14T02:14:18ZIV flow rate formula (idea)http://m.everything2.com/user/pacer/writeups/IV+flow+rate+formulapacerhttp://m.everything2.com/user/pacer2003-10-14T02:14:18Z2003-10-14T02:14:18Z1. Information required to determine <a href="/title/IV">IV</a> flow rate.
a) Total volume to be infused.
b) Time period over which it is to be infused.
c) Properties of the administration set. How many drops per milliliter it delivers.
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Step 1. Total <a href="/title/volume">volume</a> to be infused. (eg. 1000 ml)<br>
Step 2. <a href="/title/Infusion+set">Infusion set</a>. (eg. 20)<br>
Step 3. Total time of <a href="/title/infusion">infusion</a>. (eg. 240 min or 4 hours x 60 min)<br>
Step 4. <a href="/title/Multiply">Multiply</a> 1000*20 = 20,000 then divide by 240 = 83.33<br>
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(1000ml)(20)
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240 min
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Step 5. <a href="/title/Drops">Drops</a> per minute = 83.33 round to 83. So (gtts means drops) 83 gtts/minvenipuncture (thing)http://m.everything2.com/user/pacer/writeups/venipuncturepacerhttp://m.everything2.com/user/pacer2003-09-24T22:10:07Z2003-09-24T22:10:07ZVenipuncture is the procedure of opening a <a href="/title/vein">vein</a> for the process of medication / fluid administration or drawing blood.
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Procedures for venipuncture vary, but are basic in nature.
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1) Take universal precaution to isolate yourself from any body fluids.
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2) Prepare equipment; you will need at a minimum, <a href="/title/catheter">catheter</a>, <a href="/title/syringe">syringe</a>, I.V. administration set or vacutainers for blood draws.
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3) Probe site with most sensitive finger for the vein you wish to use.
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4) Clean site with <a href="/title/isopropyl+alcohol">isopropyl alcohol</a> using circular inside out motion. (Once cleaned, do not re-probe - you will have to clean again)
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5) Place <a href="/title/needle">needle</a> at 15 degree angle to <a href="/title/skin">skin</a>, in one smooth motion, advance needle into vein.
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6) Secure site and perform function.
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NOTE: Consult health care providor, or supervisor before performing this procedure. This procedure should only be performed by a licensed health care providor.Phosgene (thing)http://m.everything2.com/user/pacer/writeups/Phosgenepacerhttp://m.everything2.com/user/pacer2003-08-31T21:49:56Z2003-08-31T21:49:56Z1. Has the oder of newly mown hay and becomes a gas at 47 degrees F. It damages primarily the lungs. It must be inhaled to cause this damage.
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2. At high concentrations, the <a href="/title/chlorine">chlorine</a> part of the molecule irritates the eyes, nose, and upper airways. It may cause fatal layngospasm.
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3. The real damage is done by the carbon, double bond oxygen group (carbonyl group) of the phosgene molecule. Causes severe, although not immediately apparent lung damage.
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4. Phosgene is a common industrial chemical. Formally used as a <a href="/title/chemical+warfare">chemical warfare</a> agent. After phosgene is inhaled, the carbonyl group combines with the components of the membrane dividing the alveolus from the capillary. Fluid leaks from the blood into the alveolar septum, and then to the <a href="/title/alveoli">alveoli</a> themselves.
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5. Dyspnea at exertion worsens to dyspnea at rest. This is accompanied by a productive cough, producing clear, frothy sputum. The fluid loss after severe exposure can be as much as 1 - 2…