Article 10
All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated
responsibilities and
their specific national and regional development priorities,
objectives and circumstances, without introducing any new commitments
for Parties not included in Annex I, but reaffirming existing
commitments in Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and
continuing to advance the implementation of these commitments in
order to achieve sustainable development, taking into account Article
4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, shall:
(a) Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible,
cost-effective national,
and where appropriate regional programmes to improve the quality
of local emission factors, activity data and/or models which reflect
the socio-economic conditions of each Party for the preparation and
periodic updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions
by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not
controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies
to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent
with the guidelines for national communications adopted by the
Conference of the Parties;
(b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national
and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to
mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate adequate
adaptation to climate change:
(i) Such programmes would, inter alia, concern
the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture,
forestry and waste management. Furthermore, adaptation technologies
and methods for improving spatial planning would improve adaptation
to climate change; and
(ii) Parties included in Annex I shall submit information on
action under this Protocol, including national programmes, according
to the guidelines laid down in Article 8; and other Parties shall
seek to include in their national communications, as appropriate,
information on programmes which contain measures that the Party
believes contribute to addressing climate change and its adverse
impacts, including the abatement of increase in greenhouse gas
emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks, capacity
building and adaptation measures.
(c) Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the
development, application and diffusion of, and take all practicable
steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the
transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies,
know-how, practices and processes pertinent to climate change, in
particular to developed countries, including the formulation of
policies and programmes for the effective transfer of
environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in
the public domain and the creation of an enabling environment for the
private sector, to promote and enhance access to, and transfer of,
environmentally sound technologies;
(d) Cooperate in Scientific and technical research and promote the
maintenance and the development of systematic observation systems and
development of data archives to reduce uncertainties related to the
climate system, the adverse impacts of climate change and the
economic and social consequences of various response strategies, and
promote the development and strengthening of endogenous capacities
and capabilities to participate in international and
intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research and
systematic observation, taking into account Article 5 of the
Convention;
(e) Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and,
where appropriate,
using existing bodies, the development and implementation of
education and training programmes, including the strengthening of
national capacity building, in particular human and institutional
capacities and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train
experts in this field, in particular for developed countries, and
facilitate at the national level public awareness and public access
to information on climate change. Suitable modalities should be
developed to implement these activities through the relevant bodies
of the Convention taking into account Article 6 of the
Convention;
(f) Include in their national communications information on
programmes and activities undertaken pursuant to this Article in
accordance with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties;
and
(g) Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments in
this Article, to Article 4, paragraph 8, of the
Convention.