Neue Rheinische Zeitung is German for "New Rheinische Newspaper". It was a revolutionary daily run by Karl Marx, the editor-in-chief, and Friedrick Engels. The paper was first published on May 31, 1848, in Germany. It advocated a constitutional democracy, nonpayment of taxes, armed resistance against Emperor Fredrick William IV, and war with Russia. Marx was able to spend a lot of time working on the paper because the Communist League had recently disbanded. During its height it had a circulation of over 6,000. A total of 301 issues were printed. On May 11, 1849 Marx was ordered to leave Germany within 24 hours. The final issue was printed in red. To this day red is the color of communists.