Hybrid Electron Orbitals (idea)

A combination of atomic orbitals on the same atom, resulting in a blended wave function with new directional properties.

sp hybrid orbitals: A set of one-electron wavefunctions constructed from one s function and one p function on the same atom. The two sp orbitals, spaced 180 degrees apart, face in opposite directions.

sp² hybrid orbitals : A set of one-electron wave functions constructed from one s function and two p functions on the same atom. The three sp² orbitals, spaced 120 degrees apart, point toward the vertices of an equilateral triangle.

sp³ hybrid orbitals : A set of one-electron wave functions constructed from one s function and three p functions on the same atom. The four sp³ orbitals, spaced 109.5 degrees apart, point toward the vertices of an rectangular tetrahedron.

sp³d² hybrid orbitals : A set of one-electron wave functions constructed from one s function, three p functions, and two d functions on the same atom. The six sp³d² orbitals, spaced 90 degrees apart, point toward the vertices of an regular octahedron.