They also mastered the arts of: archery from horseback, mobile homes (yurts), vassal states, conscription from colonies, fermentation of mare's milk (kumiss), inspiring Samuel Taylor Coleridge and keeping a light lunchbox on the road (strips of raw meat beneath the saddle cooked by the friction of travel, washed down with some of their horse's blood.)

Many of these contributions were critical to their success. Others were less so.