The Reformation in England gained very little ground until the ultra-Catholic King Henry VIII decided he wanted a divorce. The Pope had been captured by Charles V of Austria, who was Queen Catherine of Aragon's nephew, so no papal permission was forthcoming. The king who had previously been awarded the title 'Defender of the Faith' by the Pope declared himself the head of the Church of England in order to get his own way. The fact that his new queen Anne Boleyn was herself an anti-papal Protestant accelerated matters too. Subsequent reforms under consecutive monarchs eventually produced a church that was Reformed, and Catholic in nature, but not (generally) Protestant. Edward VI] was ultra-Protestant; Mary I was ultra-Catholic. Elizabeth I and James I were not at all Catholic, but were not hardline Protestants either. Following the Civil Wars, Charles II provided the Book of Common Prayer, and Queen Anne set the seal on the Church of England much as it is today.