(linear algebra, analysis:)
Let M be a square matrix. If for some nonzero vector v and some scalar m Mv = mv (this is M "acting on" v by multiplication) then v is called an eigenvector (or "self vector") of M.

Note that all vectors in the direction of v (tv, for any scalar t) are also eigenvectors of M; but they're not really considered "different" for these purposes.