A classic example of
game theory.
Two criminal partners are captured and interrogated seperately. If one confesses and the other stays silent, the confesser will get off scot free and the tight-lipped one will get a heavy sentence. If neither confess, they each get a light sentence. If both confess, they both get a heavy sentence.
What would you do?
The strategies involved in this game, when analysed mathematically, are complex and fascinating.