Greek
Lasted appx 600 -100 BC - characterized by graceful buildings of simple column and lintel structure with three orders of columns.
Doric- (stubby columns),
Ionic - (longer, slimmer columns on moulded bases with intricately carved capitals) and
Corinthian - (more elaborate with foliage on capital.
Roman
Lasted appx 100 BC - 400AD
Byzantine
Lasted appx AD 400 - 1453 - characterized by ornately domed and vaulted churches.
Romanesque
Lasted appx mid 900 thru late 1100 -popular mostly in northern Europe
Norman
Lasted appx late 1000's - 1100's - popular in England
Gothic
Lasted appx mid 1100's - 1400 - - developed in France in 1100's, lasting until the Renaissance when the term was coined as contemptuous of anything not based on classical idea's. Characterized by pointed arch, elaborate vaulting, flying buttress, slender pillars, large stained glass windows and intricate tracery. English Gothic is divided into three styles - Early English (late 1100s to 1200s), Decorated English (late 1200s to 1300s) and Perpendicular English (mid 1300s to 1500s)
Renaissance
Lasted appx 1400s -1500s - emerged in Italy - based on classical style of Ancient Rome. Characterized by return to auster proportions, orders and simple line combined with many current Gothic features. Reached France and Germany in late 1500s.
Baroque
Lasted 1600 -1750 -popular in Italy - used heavily decorated European style involving flamboyent use of Renaissance forms.
Georgian
English style developed in 1700s -based on Renaissance and influenced by Palladio. A quiet, dignified classical style.
Rococo
Italian style developed mid 1700's. Basically a lighter airy version of Baroque.
Regency
English style developed in the early 1800's - 1825. Predominately neo classical, showing much Greek influence and characterized by restrained simplicity.
Art Nouveau
Developed in Europe in 1890 - 1910 - Anti -historical style characterized by use of colored materials, molded stonework, writhing floral motifs, tapered wrought iron brackets as a reaction against both the technological revolution and imitations of past styles.
Expressionism
Developed in Germany in 1910 - 1930. Part of a wider movement in the arts in which reality was distorted to express the artist's inner feelings.
Functionalism
1920 -present. Modern principle that form of building should follow from its proposed function and that of its parts.
International Style
1920 -present - Evolved in Western Europe in 1920's and spread internationally in 1930's. Basic concepts are volume rather tahn mass, regularity rather than axial symmetry - principles employed in buildings ranging from skyscrapers to houses.
Brutalism
1950's - present. Reform movement that emerged in Britain. An attempt by young architects at honest presentation of structure and materials based on the uncompromising ruthlessness of Le Corbusier and Miles van der Rohe