An English proverb (English proverbs) dating from the 19th century. It mostly likely coined by people in the business of printing books and leaft lets with movable type. (A strict sense of order being key to keeping a tidy and efficient type shop.) It may also be related to the bible To everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven (Ecclesiastics 3:1) In any case it ask us to embrace the beauty (or tyranny) of order.
There is a place for everything
In earth, or sky, or sea,
Where it may find its proper use,
And of advantage be

-- Augustine, the saint
In the 20th and 21st centuries it seems to be used mostly by mothers who want their kids to keep their rooms clean.

Sources:
www.thecleanteam.com/Rules-Clutter/9.cfm
www.utas.edu.au/docs/flonta/DP,2,1,96/PLACE_FOR_EVERYTHING.html