In ML, NONE is one of the constructors of the 'a option datatype. Partial functions evaluate to NONE when applied to arguments not in their domain. For example, the function lookup : (int * string) list -> int -> string option may be implemented as follows:

fun lookup nil x = NONE
  | lookup (n, s)::t x = if x = n then SOME(s) else lookup t x

For more details, see the writeup on the option datatype.