The word
Carolingian refers to the era spanning the reign of
Charlemagne, arguably the last of the great
medieval rulers reigning from 771 to 814
AD, crowned
Holy Roman Emperor in 800AD.
As well as being remarkably politically astute, the man was a great patron of the arts and wished to reclaim classical knowledge - hence he set forth to sweep out, by the help of his scholarly advisors, the corruptions that had surfaced in the Latin language. He proceeded to standardize the language further by creating a clear, beautiful script to be used in all official papers - this script was the "Carolingian minuscule".
This manner of writing was adopted once more in the Renaissance, and is used to this very day, as the font we now refer to as Times New Roman.