In South Indian Carnatic music, a chakra is a sublevel of classification within the Melakartha ragas. There are 12 chakras; each chakra corresponds to a purvanga (the first four notes of a raga). The chakras are:

  1. Indu - Moon
  2. Netra - Eyes
  3. Agni - Fire
  4. Veda - Hindu Scriptures
  5. Bana - Arrow
  6. Rutu - Seasons
  7. Rishi - Sage
  8. Vasu - A group of devas (celestial beings)
  9. Brahma - Hindu God
  10. Dishi - Direction
  11. Rudra - Another group of devas
  12. Aditya - Yet another group of devas

It's worth noting that like almost everything in Carnatic music and Indian culture in general, the names are anything but arbitrary: each name is designed to help remember its number (and, from the number, one can figure out what the first half of the raga is). The earth has one moon; humans have two eyes; there are three fires maintined in the Vedic ritual; there are four Vedas; Kama (the Indian Cupid) carries five arrows; there are six seasons in India; there are seven famous sages; there are eight Vasus; Brahma presides over nine cycles of the universe; there are ten directions including up and down; there are eleven Rudras; there are twelve Adityas.

See The Melakartha ragas for more information on chakras and how they fit into the Carnatic system.