Allah (thing)

الله

ALLAH
The 99 Attributes
He who has the power to create the entities

It is not possible to perfectly translate the names and attributes of Allah from original Arabic into English. However, here are some fairly close explanations -

1. Ar-Rahman: The Most Compassionate, Most Kind
2. Ar-Rahim: The Most Merciful
3. Al-Malik: The Master, The King, The Monarch
4. Al-Quddus: The Pure, The Holy One
5. As-Salaam: The Peace, The Tranquility
6. Al-Mu'min: The Faithful, The Trusted
7. Al-Muhaymin: The Protector, The Vigilant, The Controller
8. Al-'Aziz: The Almighty, The Powerful
9. Al-Jabbar: The Oppressor, The All Compelling
10. Al-Mutakabbir: The Haughty, The Majestic, The Lord
11. Al-Khaliq: The Creator, The Maker
12. Al-Baari': The Inventor
13. Al-Musawwir: The Fashioner, The Organiser, The Designer
14. Al-Ghaffar: The Forgiving, The Forgiver
15. Al-Qahhar: The Almighty, The Dominant
16. Al-Wahhab: The Donor, The Bestower
17. Ar-Razzaq: The Provider, The Sustainer
18. Al-Fattah: The Opener, The Revealer
19. Al-'Alim: The All Knowing, The Omniscient
20. Al-Qabid: The Contractor, The Restrainer, The Recipient
21. Al-Basit: The Expander, The Increaser
22. Al-Khafid: The Abaser, The Humbler
23. Ar-Rafi': The Raiser, The Exalter
24. Al-Mu'iz: The Honourer, The Exalter
25. Al-Muzil: The Abaser, The Subduer
26. As-Sami': The All Hearing, The All Knowing
27. Al-Basir: The All Seeing, The Insightful
28. Al-Hakam: The Arbitrator, The Judge
29. Al-'Adl: The Justice, The Equitable
30. Al-Latif: The Most Gentle, The Gracious, The One Who is Kind
31. Al-Khabir: The Aware, The Segacious
32. Al-Halim: The Gentle, The Most Patient, The Benevolent
33. Al-'Azim: The Great, The Mighty
34. Al-Ghafoor: The Forgiving, The Pardoner
35. Ash-Shakur: The Grateful, The Thankful
36. Al-'Aliy: The Most High, The Exalted
37. Al-Kabir: The Greatest, The Biggest
38. Al-Hafiz: The Guardian, The Preserver
39. Al-Muqit: The Maintainer, The Nourisher
40. Al-Hasib: The Noble, The Reckoner
41. Al-Jalil: The Majestic, The Honorable, The Exalted
42. Al-Karim: The Most Generous, The Bountiful
43. Ar-Raqib: The Guardian, The Watcher
44. Al-Mujib: The Answerer
45. Al-Wasi': The Enricher, The Omnipresent, The Knowledgeable
46. Al-Hakim: The Most Wise, The Judicious
47. Al-Wadud: The Affectionate, The Loving
48. Al-Majid: The Glorious, The Exalted
49. Al-Ba'ith: The Resurrector, The Raiser from death
50. Ash-Shahid: The Witness
51. Al-Haqq: The Truth, The Just
52. Al-Wakil: The Guardian, the Trustee
53. Al-Qawee: The Powerful, The Almighty, The Strong
54. Al-Matin: The Strong, The Firm
55. Al-Walee: The Supporter, The Friend, The Defender
56. Al-Hamid: The Praiseworthy, The Commendable
57. Al-Muhsi: The Counter
58. Al-Mubdi': The Beginner, The Creator, The Originator
59. Al-Mu'eed: The Restorer, The Resurrector
60. Al-Muhyee: The Bestower, The Life Giver
61. Al-Mumeet: The Bringer of Death, The Death Giver
62. Al-Hayy: The Ever-Living
63. Al-Qayyum: The Self-Subsistent, The Eternal, The Self-Sustaining
64. Al-Wajid: The All Perceiving, The Bountiful, The Finder
65. Al-Wahid: The One, The Unique
66. Al-Majid: The Noble, The Illustrious
67. Al-Ahad: The Only, The Unique
68. As-Samad: The Perfect, The Eternal
69. Al-Qadir: The Able, The Capable, The Omnipotent
70. Al-Muqtadir: The Capable, The All Powerful
71. Al-Muqaddim: The Presenter, The Advancer, The Expediter
72. Al-Mu'akhkhir: The Fulfiller, The Deferrer
73. Al-'Awwal: The First
74. Al-'Akhir: The Last
75. Az-Zahir: The Apparent, The Exterior, The Manifest
76. Al-Batin: The Hidden, The Interior, The Veiled
77. Al-Waali: The Governor, The Ruler, The Master
78. Al-Muta'ali: The Exalted, The Most High, The One above reproach
79. Al-Barr: The Benefactor, The Beneficient, The Pious
80. At-Tawwab: The Acceptor of Repentance, The Forgiver, The Relenting
81. Al-Muntaqim: The Avenger
82. Al-'Afuww: The Forgiver, The Pardoner
83. Ar-Ra'uf: The Merciful, The Ever Indulgent
84. Al-Muqsit: The Just, The Equitable
85. Aj-Jami': The Collector, The Comprehensive, The Gatherer
86. Al-Ghanee: The Richest, The All Sufficing, The Self-Sufficient
87. Al-Mughnee: The Enricher, The Sufficer, The Bestower
88. Al-Maani': The Supporter
89. Ad-Daarr: The Distresser, The Afflictor, The Bringer of Adversity
90. An-Nafi': The Beneficial, The Benefactor
91. An-Nur: The Light
92. Al-Hadi: The Guide
93. Al-Badi': The Wonderful, The Maker, The Incomparable
94. Al-Baqi: The Enduring, The Everlasting, The Eternal
95. Al-Warith: The Inheritor, The Heir
96. Ar-Rashid: The Rightly Guided, The Concious, The Guide
97. As-Sabur: The Most Patient, The Enduring
98. Malik Al-Mulk: The Ruler of The Kingdom, The King of The Universe
99. Zul-Jalali wal-Ikram: Lord of Majesty and Generosity

All Muslims must believe in the 'Oneness of the Names and Qualities of Allah' and this in arabic is known as Tauhid-al-Asma'was-sifat
It is not upto any man to name or qualify Allah except with what He or His Messenger Mohammed (p.b.u.h) has named or qualified him. Neither should anyone be named or qualified with the Names or qualifications of Allah e.g. Ar-Rahman - since this would attribute the characteristic of compassion and kindness in its absolute totality to someone other than Allah. But instead one can be named 'Abdur-Rahman' which would translate to 'Servant of the Most Compassionate the Most Kind'.

Allah is present over his throne as mentioned in the Qur'an -

Quran 20:05

The Most Gracious (Allah) rose over (Istawa) the (Mighty) Throne (in a manner that suits his majesty)

The Throne is over the seventh heaven and yet Allah comes down over the first (nearest) heaven on the day of Arafah and also during the last third part of every night as mentioned by Prophet Mohammed (p.b.u.h.) in authentic hadith, and Allah has the knowledge of the seen and the unseen.

Quran 6:59-60

And with him are the keys of the Ghaib (all that is hidden), none knows them but He. And He knows whatever there is in the land and in the sea; not a leaf falls, but he knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or dry, but is written in a Clear Record.
It is he who takes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge of all that you have done by day, then He raises (wakes) you up again that a term appointed (your life period) be fulfilled, then (in the end) unto Him will be your return. Then he will inform you of that which you used to do.

It is important to note that it is not as some muslims think that Allah is present everywhere i.e. here, there and even inside the breasts of men. Rather He knows of Everything and is closer to man than man is of himself.

Quran 50:16

And indeed We have created man, and We know what his ownself whispers to him. And We are nearer to him than his jugular vein (by Our Knowledge).

Allah has the quality of hearing and sight in its totality without bearing a likeness or a resemblance to his creation.

Quran 50:16

...There is nothing like unto Him and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer.

Allah also has two hands, but again not bearing a likeness or a resemblance to his creation.

Quran 38:75

...To one whom I have created with Both My Hands...

Quran 48:10

...The hand of Allah is over their hands...

Finally, All muslims are required to believe with a certainty of mind, body and soul -

"La ilaha illallah"

(None has the right to be worshipped but Allah)