I love gn0sis's idea above for adding the native name, in Unicode, to your writeups about foreign terms, concepts, people, etc.

Here are many important terms I have gathered in various languages, all of them already noded or certainly nodeable.
They are listed first in alphabetical order of their native language, thence in English alphabetical order of the English word, English spelling, or English transliteration.
There are no doubt errors here since I don't speak any of these languages, so please /msg me if you find an error, have an addition, or if you use one of these in a writeup of yours.

To use these, you can try just cutting and pasting into your writeup - this works for some browsers depending on the configuration. Otherwise, use your browser's "View Source" menu and cut and paste the HTML entities.

Amharic (አማርኛ):

Addis Ababa (አዲስ አበባ)
Ethiopia (ኤትዮጵያ)

Arabic (العربية):

 → See Using Arabic on E2

Armenian (Հայ, Հայերեն):

Ararat (Արարատ)
Armenia (Հայաստան)
Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan (?)
Saint Mesrop Mashtots, Mesrob Mashtots (Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց)
Yerevan (Երևան)

Assamese (অসমিয়া):

Assam (आसाम)

Azerbaijani, Azeri (Азәрбайжан):

Baku (Баку, Bakı)

Belarusian (Беларуская):

Mensk, Minsk (Мінск)

Bengali (বাঙালী):

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ)
Bengal (বাঙালী)
Calcutta, Kolkata (কলকাতা)
Dhaka (ধাক)
Ganges (?)
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (?)
Sri Chinmoy (?)
West Bengal (পশ্চিম বঙ্গ)

Bulgarian (Български):

Sofia (София)

Cherokee (ᏣᎳᎩ):

Sequoyah, Sequoya (ᏍᏏᏉᏯ)

Chinese (汉语, 中文):

 → See Using Chinese on E2

Czech (Česky):

Antonín Dvorák (Antonín Dvořák)
Bohuslav Martinu (Bohuslav Martinů)

Dhivehi (ދިވެހިބަސް):

Male (މާލެ)
Maldives (ދިވެހި ރާއްޖެ)
Thaana (ަނާތ)

Dzongkha (༄༅ཇོ༹ང་ཁ):

Bhutan (འབྲུག་ཡུལ)

Farsi, Persian (فارسی):

algorithm (الگوریتم)
Ayatollah Khomeini (امام خمینی, آیة الله خمینی)
Caspian Sea (?)
chador (چادر)
Darius (داریوش)
Esfahan, Isfahan (اصفهان)
Farsi (فارسى)
Iran (ایران)
kismet (?)
Omar Khayyam (عمر خیام)
 The Rubaiyat, The Rubáiyát (?)
Persia (پارس)
Persian Gulf (خلیج فارس)
rial (﷼, ریال)
Shah (شاه)
Tehran (تهران)
Xerxes (خشایارشا)

Georgian (ქართულად):

Eduard Shevardnadze (ედუარდ შევარდნაძე)
Georgia (საქართველო)
King Farnavaz (ფარნავაზი)
Khutsuri (ხუცური)
Saint Mesrop Mashtots, Mesrob Mashtots (?)
Mkhedruli (მხედრული)
Tbilisi (თბილისი)

Greek (Ελληνικά):

Athens (Αθήναι kath., Αθήνα dim.)
Cyclades (Κυκλάδες)
Cyprus (Κύπρος)
Deus ex Machina (από μηχανής θεός)
Dhimotiki (δημοτική)
Greece (Ελλάς kath., Ελλάδα dim.)
katharevousa (καθαρεύουσα)
koine (κοινή)
Lerna (Λερνα)
Lesbos (Λέσβος)
Nicosia (Λευκωσία)
ouzo (ούζο)
Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικο Κινήμα)
Parisoula Lampsos (?)
PASOK (ΠΑΣΟΚ)

Gujarati (ગુજરાતી):

Gujarat (ગુજરાત)
India (ભારત)

Hebrew (עברית):

 → See Using Hebrew on E2

Hindi (हिन्दी):

Bhopal (भोपाल)
bungalow (?)
crore (?)
dacoit (?)
Delhi (दिल्ली)
deodar (?)
Devanagari (देवनागरी)
dinghy (?)
dungaree (?)
Ganges (?)
ghee (?)
Goa (गोआ)
gymkhana (?)
Hindu (हिन्दू)
India (भारत)
jodhpurs (?)
Kaante (कांटे)
lakh (?)
loot (?)
Mumbai, Bombay (मु॑बई)
paisa (?)
pakora (?)
Pondicherry (पॉंडिचेरी)
Raj (?)
Rajasthan (राजसंथान)
samosa, samoosa (?)
shampoo (?)
tandoori (?)
tom-tom (?)
walla, wallah (?)

Inuktitut (ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ):

Nunavut (ᓄᓇᕗᑦ)

Japanese (日本語):

 → See Using Japanese on E2

Kannada, Kanarese (ಕನ್ನಡ):

India (ಭಾರತ)
Karnataka (ಕನಾೕಟಕ)

Kashmiri (कश्मीरी, كشميري):

Kashmir (كشمير)
Srinagar (سرينگر)

Kazakh (Қазақ):

Altynai Asylmuratova (Алтынай Асылмуратова?)
Astana (Астана)
Baikonur ()
Kazakhstan (Қазақстан)

Khmer, Cambodian (ខ្មែរ):

Angkor Wat (អង្គរវត្ដ)
Hun Sen (?)
Khmer Rouge (?)
Killing Fields of Choeung Ek (...)
King Sihanouk, Norodom Sihanouk, Prince Sihanouk (?)
Phnom Penh (ភ្លពេញ)
Pol Pot, Saloth Sar (?)

Klingon, tlhIngan Hol ( ):

Konkani (कोंकणी):

India (भारत)

Korean (한국어):

bulgogi (불고기)
cha, ch'a (차)
Daewoo (대우)
hangul (한글)
hanja (한자)
Hyundai (현대)
jamo (자모)
jindo dog (진돗개, 진도개)
Jjajang myeon (자장면, 炸醬麵)
Kia (기아)
Kim Dae Jung (김대중)
Kim Il Sung (김일성, 金日成)
Kim Jong Il (김정일)
kimchi, kimchee (김치)
King Sejong the Great (세종대왕, 世宗大王)
Kuk Sool Won (국술원)
Korea (한국, 대한민국)
North Korea (북한)
Pyongyang (평양, 平壤市)
Samsung (삼성)
Seoul (서울)
soju (소주, 燒酒)
South Korea (남한)
Tae Kwon Do (태권도)
Tang Soo Do (당수도)
won (원)

Kyrgyz (кыргыз, кыргызча):

Bishkek (Бишкек)
Kyrgyzstan (Кыргызстан)

Lao (ລາວ):

Beer Lao (ເບຍລາວ)
Lao Aviation (ການບິນລາວ)
Laos (ລາວ)
Luang Phabang (?)
Savannakhet (?)
Vientiane (?)

Latvian (latviešu):

Riga (Rīga)

Macedonian (Македонски):

Macedonia (Македонија)
Skopje (Скопје)

Malayalam (മലയാളം):

betel (?)
coir (?)
copra (?)
ginger (?)
Kerala (േകരളം)
teak (?)

Manipuri (?):

Manipur (मिनपुर)

Maori (Māori):

Auckland (Tāmaki makau rau, Ākarana)
Christchurch (Otautahi)
New Zealand (Aotearoa, Niu Tireni)
North Island (Te Ika a Māui, Aotearoa)
South Island (Te Waipounamu)
Wellington (Pōneke, Upoko o te Ika)

Marathi (मराठी):

India (भारत)
mongoose (?)

Mongolian (монгол хэл):

Mongolia (Монгол улс)
Ulaanbaatar, Ulaan Baatar, Ulan Bator (Улаанбаатар)

Myanmar, Burmese (မ္ရန္မာ):

Daw Aung San Suu Kyi (ဒော္‌ အောင္ ဆန္း စု က္ရည္)
Bagan, Pagan (ဟောင္း)
Bago, Pegu (ပဲခူး)
Mandalay (ဓန္တလေး)
Mingun Paya (?)
Mrauk U (?)
Swedagon Paya (?)
Shwemawdaw Paya (?)
Yangon, Rangoon (ရန္ကုန္)

Nepali (नेपाली):

Gangtok (गंगटोक)
Kathmandu] (काठ्माड़ौं)
Mount Everest, Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा)
Nepal (नेपाल)
Sikkim (सिक्किम)
Tenzing Norgay (?)

Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ):

Orissa (ଓରୀଶା)

Pashto (پښتو):

Afghanistan (افغانستان)
Hamid Karzai (?)
Kabul (كابل)
Kandahar (کندهار)
Loya Jirga (?)

Pitjantjatjara:

Anangu (Aṉangu)
Kata Tjuta, The Olgas (Kata Tjuṯa)
Uluru, Ayers Rock (Uluṟu)

Polish (Polski):

Krzysztof Kieslowski (Krzysztof Kieślowski)
Lech Walesa (Lech Wałęsa)

Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, پنجابي, पंजाबी):

Chandigarh (ਛੰਦੀਗਰਹ)
Gurmukhi (ਗੁਰ੍ਮੁਖੀ)
India (ਭਾਰਤ)
Kalpana Chawla (ਕਲ੍ਪਨਾ ਚਾਵਲਾ, कल्पना चावला) (?? - Devanagari/Hindi version found on BBC, Punjabi version derived from it but can't find on the net.)
Punjab (ਪਂਜਾਬ)

Romanian (Română):

Bucharest (București, Bucureşti)
Elena Ceausescu (Nicolae Ceaușescu, Nicolae Ceauşescu)
Nicolae Ceausescu (Nicolae Ceaușescu, Nicolae Ceauşescu)
Romania (România)

Russian (Русский):

 → See Using Russian on E2

Sanskrit (संस्कृत):

ahimsa (?)
asana (?)
ashrama (?)
atman (?)
avatar (?)
bodhisattva (?)
brahmin (?)
Buddha (बुद्ध)
chakra (?)
devanagari (देवनगरी)
dharma (धर्म)
guru (?)
hatha yoga (?)
India (भारतम्)
Indra (इन्द्र)
karma (?)
lingam (?)
maharaja, maharajah (?)
mahatma (?)
mantra (?)
Maya (?)
nirvana (?)
raja, rajah (?)
rani, ranee (?)
satyagraha (?)
sutra (सूत्र)
swastika (?)
yantra (?)
veda (वेद)
yoga (योग)
yogasana (?)

Serbian (Српски, Srpski):

Belgrade (Београд, Beograd)
Serbia (Србија, Srbija)
Serbocroatian (Српскохрватски, Srpskohrvatski)
Slobodan Milosevic (Слободан Милошевић, Slobodan Milošević)
Yugoslavia (Југославија, Yugoslavija)
Zoran Djindjic (Зоран Ђинђић, Zoran Đinđić)

Sinhala, Sinhalese (සිංහල):

anaconda (?)
Colombo (කොළඹ)
Sri Lanka (ශෘිලංකා ?)
tourmaline (?)

Slovenian (Slovenščina):

France Preseren (France Prešeren)

Tajik (тоҷикӣ):

Dushanbe (Душанбе)
Tajikistan (Тоҷикистон)

Tamil (தமிழ்):

catamaran (?)
cheroot (?)
Colombo (கொழம்ப)
curry (?)
India (இந்தியா)
mango (?)
mulligatawny (?)
pariah (?)
Sri Lanka (?)
Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடூ)

Telugu (తెలుగు):

bandicoot (?)
India (భారత దేశం)

Thai (ไทย):

Ananda Mahidol (?)
Ayuthaya, Ayutthaya, Ayodhya (อยุธยา)
Baht (฿, บาท)
Bangkok (กรุงเทพฯ)
Bhumibol Adulyadej, Rama IX (?)
Chakri (?)
Chang Beer (?)
Chao Phraya (?)
chedi, pagoda (?)
Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่)
Chula Chakrabongse (?)
Chulalongkorn (?)
Ekatrina Desnitskaya (?)
farang (ฝรั่ง)
Koh Phangan (เกาะพงัน)
Koh Samui (เกาะสมุย)
Koh Tao (เกาะเต่า)
Loy Krathong (?)
Mekong (?)
Mongkut, Rama IV (?)
muay thai (มวยไทย)
Phuket (ภูเก็ต)
Rama I Chakri (?)
Rama II, Phra Phutthaloetla (?)
Rama III (?)
Rama IV, Mongkut (?)
Rama IX, Bhumibol Adulyadej (?)
Ramkhamhaeng (?)
Siam (?)
Sirindhorn (?)
Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara (?)
Songkran (สงกรานต์)
Sukhothai (?)
Suratthani (สุราษฎร์ธานี)
Taksin (?)
Thailand (ประเทศ ไทย)
Thammasat University (?)
Thonburi (?)
uparat (?)
Vajiralongkorn (?)
wat (วัด)
Wat Arun (?)
Wat Chai Watthanaram (?)
Wat Chiang Man (?)
Wat Pho (วัดโพธิ์)
Wat Phra Kaew (วัดพระแก้ว)
Wat Phra Singh (วัดสิงห์)

Tibetan (བོད་ཡིག):

Buddha (?)
Dalai Lama (ད་ལའི་བླ་མ་)
Gelugpa (?)
Karmapa Lama (? བླ་མ་)
lama (བླ་མ་)
Lhamo Dhondrup (?)
Lhasa (ལྷ་ས་)
Mount Everest, Qomolangma, Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་རི་)
Panchen Lama (? བླ་མ་)
Sherpa (ཤར་བ་)
Shigatse (?)
Tenzin Gyatso (?)
Tibet (བོད་)
Ü (དབུས་)
yeti (?)

Tigrinya (ትግርኛ):

Eritrea (ኤርትራ)

Turkish (Türkçe):

Cyprus (Kıbrıs)
Istanbul (İstanbul)
Nicosia (Lefkoşa)
Turkey (Türkiye)

Turkmen (Туркмен):

Turkmenistan (Туркменистан)
Ashgabat (Ашхабад)

Ukrainian (Український):

Chernobyl (Чернобыль)
Ivan Turgenev (Иван Тургенев)
Kyyiv, Kiev (Київ)
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev ukrain (Леонид Ильич Брежнев)
Nikolai Gogol (Николай Гоголь)

Urdu (ﻮﺪﺭﺃ):

Amritsar (امرتسر)
bungalow (?)
crore (?)
dacoit (?)
deodar (?)
dinghy (?)
dungaree (?)
ghee (?)
gymkhana (?)
Islamabad (اسلاماباد)
jodphurs (?)
Karachi (کراچي)
Khyber Pass (خىءبر پاس or خيبر پاس ?)
Lahore (لاهور)
lakh (?)
loot (?)
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (نصرت فتح علی خان)
paisa (?)
Pakistan (پاکستان)
pakora (?)
Peshawar (پشاور)
Raj (?)
samosa, samoosa (?)
shampoo (?)
tandoori (?)
tom-tom (?)
wallah (?)

Uzbek (O'zbekcha, Ўзбек):

Bukhara (Buxoro, Бұхара?)
Samarkand (Samarqand, Самарқанд)
Tashkent (Toshkent, Тошкент)
Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston, Ўзбекистан)

Vietnamese (tiếng Việt):

ao dai (áo dài)
cha gio (chả giò)
Cao Dai (Cao Đài)
Da Nang (Đà Nẵng)
dong (đồng)
Hanoi (Hà Nội)
Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City (Hồ Chí Minh)
Hue (Huế)
Le Duc Tho (Lê Ðức Thọ)
Mekong (Mê Kông)
Nguyen Hue (Nguyễn Huệ)
Saigon (Sài Gòn)
Tet (Tết, Tết Nguyên Ðán)

Yiddish (ייִדיש)

Hebrew (העברעיִש)
Israel (ישׂראל)
Jew (ייִד)
Russia (רוסלאַנד)


Sources:
Google
Foreign language dictionaries at various Sydney libraries
http://www.geonames.de/
http://www.zhongwen.com/