Flashbacks are not confined to psychedelic states. Any highly traumatic experiences may cause the subject to ocassionally experience a very vivid recollection of the moment, with emotions and sensory memories so vivid that it feels like they're back in it. Flashbacks are a primary symptom of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), a common affliction among rape victims, disaster survivors, and battlefield veterans.

It seems likely that flashbacks can also occur to states of ecstasy and enlightenment, although psychology has long shown a bias towards pathology, meaning that these have been less-studied.