Larsonian Binary Star Formation
About half of all the stars in the galaxy in the
vicinity of the sun are binary or double. But orthodox
astronomers and astrophysicists still have no satisfactory
theory about how they form or why there are so many of them.
But binary star systems are actually a likely consequence
in the comprehensive General Unified Theory of
the Physical Universe developed by the late Physicist
Dewey B. Larson.
I will try to summarize Larsons explanation, which is
detailed in Chapter 7 of his book "The Universe of Motion"
and in some of his other books.
First of all, according to Larson, stars do NOT generate
energy by "fusion". A small fraction comes from slow
gravitational collapse. The rest results from the complete
annihilation of heavy elements (heavier than iron). Each
element has a destructive temperature limit. The heavier the
element is, the lower is this limit. A star's internal
temperature increases as it grows in mass via accretion, and
absorption of the decay products of cosmic rays, gradually
reaching the destructive temperature limit of lighter and
lighter elements.
When the internal temperature of the star reaches the
destructive temperature limit of iron, there is a Type I
supernova explosion! This is because there is so much iron
present; and that is related to the structure of iron atoms
and the atom building process, which Larson explains in some
of his books (better than I can).
When the star explodes, the lighter material on the
outer portion of the star is blown outward in space at less
than the speed of light. The heavier material in the center
portion of the star was already bouncing around at close to
the speed of light, because of the high temperature. The
explosion pushes that material over the speed of light, and
it expands outward in time, which is equivalent to
inward in space, and it often actually disappears
from visual sight for a while.
Over long periods of time, both masses start to fall
back gravitationally. The material that had been blown
outward in space now starts to form a red giant star. The
material that had been blown ourward in time starts to form a
white dwarf star. Both stars then start moving back toward
the "main sequence" from opposite directions on the
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.
The chances of the two masses falling back into the
exact same location in space, making a single lone star
again, are near zero. They will instead form a binary
system, orbiting each other.
According to Larson, a white dwarf star has an
inverse density gradient
(is densest at its surface), because the
material at its center is most widely dispersed (blown
outward) in time. This eliminates the need to resort to
mathematical fantasies
about "degenerate matter", "neutron stars",
"black holes", etc..
Larsonian Solar System Formation
If the mass of the heavy material at the center of the
exploding star is relatively small, then, instead of a single
white dwarf star, there will be several "mini" white dwarf
stars (revolving around the red giant star, but probably
still too far away in three-dimensional time to be affected
by its heat, etc.). These will become planets!
In Chapter 7 of The Universe of Motion, Larson used all
this information, and other principles of his comprehensive
General Unified Theory of the Physical Universe, to derive
his own version of Bode's Law.
A wealth of information about the General Unified Theory
of the Physical Universe developed by the late Physicist
Dewey B. Larson can be found at the web site;
http://www.reciprocalsystem.com/isus
Robert E. McElwaine
B.S., Physics and Astronomy, UW-EC
http://www.angelfire.com/wi/mcelwaine
P.S.: PASS IT ON !
As suggested by the author, I'm hereby passing it on. :)
Miles Dirac: Quite likely you're right. I'm unfortunately not in the position to judge the article right or wrong, but it was an interesting read at the time, so I figured I should post it.