The
NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, is a US organization that conducts research and gathers data about the global oceans and atmosphere. They get to name the
hurricanes.
Between the 1960's and 1980's, they conducted research and experiments to see if they could slow down or break up hurricanes, known as Project STORMFURY. It never quite worked out. Still, people continue to ask why hurricanes can't be prevented. Can't we control the weather by now? What was the movie Twister all about? I'm sure this was discussed on Fox News at some point. Ever since, people have ventured all sorts of theoretical ideas, such as coating the water, or salting the clouds, or adding icebergs to cool the storm, or even using nuclear weapons. The question is popular enough that the NOAA even added it to their FAQ, where they calmly discuss how that can be a VERY bad idea.
Below is a reprint of their response to the question (taken from http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/C5c.html):
Subject: C5) Why don't we try to destroy tropical cyclones by nuking them:
During each hurricane season, there always appear suggestions that one should simply use nuclear weapons to try and destroy the storms. Apart from the fact that this might not even alter the storm, this approach neglects the problem that the released radioactive fallout would fairly quickly move with the tradewinds to affect land areas and cause devastating environmental problems. Needless to say, this is not a good idea.
Now for a more rigorous scientific explanation of why this would not be an effective hurricane modification technique. The main difficulty with using explosives to modify hurricanes is the amount of energy required. A fully developed hurricane can release heat energy at a rate of 5 to 20x1013 watts and converts less than 10% of the heat into the mechanical energy of the wind. The heat release is equivalent to a 10-megaton nuclear bomb exploding every 20 minutes. According to the 1993 World Almanac, the entire human race used energy at a rate of 1013 watts in 1990, a rate less than 20% of the power of a hurricane.
If we think about mechanical energy, the energy at humanity's disposal is closer to the storm's, but the task of focusing even half of the energy on a spot in the middle of a remote ocean would still be formidable. Brute force interference with hurricanes doesn't seem promising.
In addition, an explosive, even a nuclear explosive, produces a shock wave, or pulse of high pressure, that propagates away from the site of the explosion somewhat faster than the speed of sound. Such an event doesn't raise the barometric pressure after the shock has passed because barometric pressure in the atmosphere reflects the weight of the air above the ground. For normal atmospheric pressure, there are about ten metric tons (1000 kilograms per ton) of air bearing down on each square meter of surface. In the strongest hurricanes there are nine. To change a Category 5 hurricane into a Category 2 hurricane you would have to add about a half ton of air for each square meter inside the eye, or a total of a bit more than half a billion (500,000,000) tons for a 20 km radius eye. It's difficult to envision a practical way of moving that much air around.
Attacking weak tropical waves or depressions before they have a chance to grow into hurricanes isn't promising either. About 80 of these disturbances form every year in the Atlantic basin, but only about 5 become hurricanes in a typical year. There is no way to tell in advance which ones will develop. If the energy released in a tropical disturbance were only 10% of that released in a hurricane, it's still a lot of power, so that the hurricane police would need to dim the whole world's lights many times a year.