Scopolamine (also known as Hyoscine)
is an
alkaloid obtained from
plants of the
Nightshade family (Solanaceae),
mainly from
henbane (Hyoscyamus niger).
It can be found in a variety of non-
prescription sedatives.
Structurally similar to the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine, it acts by interfering
with the transmission of nerve impulses by acetylcholine in the
parasympathetic nervous system,
and typical symptoms of exposure include
dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, and
dry skin, mouth, and respiratory passages.
Because scopolamine depresses the
central nervous system, it is used as a
sedative prior to anesthesia, but can also be used
to treat various disorders characterized by restlessness and agitation,
such as delirium tremens, psychosis, manias, and Parkinson's disease.
Overdosage of scopolamine causes delirium, delusions, paralysis, and stupor, and it is rarely abused.