1713

Born in 1713:

• Scottish painter Allan Ramsey.
• French mathematician Alexis Clairaut.
• French astronomer Nicholas de Lacaille.
• Italian Giammaqria Ortes.
• English biologist John Needham, pioneer of microscopy.
• French naturalist Denis Diderot.
• Scottish politician John Stuart, eventually Earl of Bute, and prime minister of Great Britain.
• English Shakespeare scholar Edward Capell.
• French composer Antoine Dauvergne.
• Irish clergyman and novelist Laurence Sterne.
• French actress Marie-Françoise Dumesnil.
• François Coulon Jumonville de Villiers, who led the 1754 French attack that began the French and Indian War.
• Scottish architect James Stuart.

Died in 1713:

• Italian composer Arcangelo Corelli.
• Itlaian composer Paolo Lorenzani.
• Prussian king (and Elector of Brandenburg) Frederick I.  He is succeeded by his son, Frederick William I.
• English physicist Francis Hauksbee.
• English clockmaker Thomas Tompion.
• English philosopher Anthony Ashley Cooper, known better by his title, Thrid Earl of Shaftesbury.
• English philosopher and windbag Thomas Rymer.
• Italian painter Carlo Maratti.
• Edmund Dummer, former Chief Surveyor fo the British Navy.
• French traveler Jean Chardin, famous for his decription of Persia.
• Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah, murdered by a revolt that replaces him with his nephew, Farrukh Siyar.

Events of 1713:

• The Great Northern War continues:
• (February 1) "Kalabalik i Bender" Swedish King Charles XII is encamped with his soldiers near Bendery in Moldova, trying to get the Ottoman Sultan to attack Russia again.  The sultan realizes that Charles is a spent force and sends troops to evict him.  After a confused firefight, Charles is captured by the Turks and made a prisoner¹. Check!
• Szczecin (Stettin) in Pomerania falls to the Prussian army.
• Tönningen surrenders after a long siege.
• Tsar Peter the Great sends his army into Finland, defeating the Finns at the Battle of Pälkäne (aka Koljonvirta)
• Several Treaties of Utrecht are signed, ending The War of the Spanish Succession (aka Queen Anne's War):
• (April 11) France, in four separate treaties, assures its erstwhile enemies that the thrones of France and Spain shall never be united:
• Great Britain:
• Louis also agrees that when Queen Anne dies, the (Protestant) rulers of Hanover will succeed to the British throne.
• Britain gets St. Kitts, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Hudson Bay.
• France keeps Cape Breton Island.
• France gives Nice and its (cisalpine) part of Savoy to Britain's ally, Duke Victor Amadeus of (transalpine) Savoy (aka Piedmont).  Victor Amadeus is also given Sicily, making his domain a kingdom for the first time.  He will swap Sicily for Sardinia in 1720.
• The Dutch Republic:
• France will withdraw from the Spanish Netherlands (The Dutch will occupy them until France signs a treay with Austria, after which they become Austria's possession).
• Portugal. Louis again agrees that the thrones shall not be united. The treaty also defines the border between Brazil and French Guiana better.
• Prussia. Louis acknowledges the kingship of the electors of Brandenburg; Prussia becomes a world power.
• (July 13) Great Britain and Spain:
• King Louis XIV's grandson, now Spanish King Philip V, renounces any claim to the throne of France].
• Great Britain gets Minorca. The also get Gibraltar, but may not use it as a base for trading into spain, nor may they allow Jews or Moors to live there. Britain must also allow Roman Catholics to live there.
• (the "Asiento") Great Britain receives the sole right to the slave trade with Spanish America, as well as the right to build factories in certain Spanish American cities.
• The House of Savoy will be heir to the Spanish throne if Philip dies childless.
• Jacob Bernoulli's mathematical work Ars Conjectandi is published (posthumously).
• Christopher Wren's St. Paul's Cathedral is completed in London.
• The new governor of Louisiana, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, arrives at its capital, Mobile.
• A French trading post is the first European settlement at Natchez.
• John Gay's play The Wife of Bath premeires.
• Queen Anne establishes the Board of Longitude, to encourage the discovery of a way to determine longitude more accurately.
• Jonathan Swift is made dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin.
• Maratha dowager Tarabai continues the Maratha civil war, setting up a rival court for her son Shivaji III in Kolhapur.
• Farrukh Siyar makes Asaf Jah his nizam (governor) of Deccan Province (Andhra Pradesh), an action he might have regretted, however, Farrukh will not live to see Asaf Jah set Hyderabad up as an independent state.
• The Qing Emperor formally recognizes the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama.²
• Tokugawa Ietsugu becomes shogun of Japan, succeding Tokugawa Ienobu who had died the previous year.

1712 - 1713 - 1714

How they Were Made - 18th Century

---

¹There is an apocryhpal story about Charles playing chess with one of his generals during the battle, with Charles managing to win despite bullets shattering key pieces.
²Note: This is from china.com, a website which seems to reflect the policies and viewpoints of the Chinese government rather closely.