The temporal immortality of the human soul

The temporal immortality of the human soul, that is to say, its eternal survival after death, is not only in no way guaranteed, but this assumption in the first place will not do for us what we always tried to make it do. Is a riddle solved by the fact that I survive for ever? Is this eternal life not as enigmatic as our present one? The solution of the riddle of life in space and time lies outside space and time. (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 6.4312)

This belief also has the potential to drastically affect the way people live their lives. A belief that you don't die, but just go to another place, will cause to you live much differently that if you believe this is the only life you get.

It's likely easier to kill someone when you think they're not really dying. You can be convinced to suffer if you think it will gain you reward afterwards.