This is not particularly
Cabbalistic (a misnomer anyway, for oh so many reasons), and predates the
Cabbala (in its medieval form, which is probably the original) by many centuries. Abrasax? If so, it is filtered through many centuries of variants, including the
medieval grape-cluster charm:
a
ab
abr
abra
abracal
abracala
abracal
abraca
abrac
abra
abr
ab
a
It seems clear, whatever the exact linguistic origin (it's doubtful whether that is proveable) that its intended use was in this sort of crescendo/decrescendo formation, found already very early in the Greek Magical Papyri, representing the disappearance of a (sometimes named, often not) malady or strength (if the papyrus is a curse or in an agonistic context) by persuasive analogy. As such, it is a common feature of Semitic magic (I include Egyptian).