An allergy to some type of pollen. This mostly shows up in spring, since that's when most of the flowers appear. Hay fever is usually specific to a few species of flower (the flowers of the olive tree are a common cause in Israel).

To test which flower it is you're allergic to, they put a small grid on your skin, and scratch each square with stuff from a different plant. The one that shows red is the one you're allergic to. It is wise for the medical staff to have some anti histamine handy while doing this.