More commonly known as the
Liar Paradox. Developed by
Epimenides, the best and most basic version of it says, "This sentence is false." The
paradox of it is, of course, that if it is true, it therefore must be false, and thus it negates its truth. If it is false, its falsehood affirms its truth.
It can be expanded by going
The following sentence is false.
The preceding sentence is true.
And then, of course, each sentence is harmless by itself or with another sentence coupled with it. However, when taken together, they produce a
paradox. Therefore, there is no intrinsic fault with either sentence there, and so if you are looking to eliminate
paradox from a
system, one must consider not just individual statements, but also the relationship of statements to one another.
Kurt Gödel translated it to
mathematics in the form of
Gödel's incompleteness theorem.