The technical and proper chemical name for what its dicoverer, Roy Plunkett, renamed to the more pronouncable (and trademarkable) Teflon.
PTFE, as it's also known as, has a carbon backbone chain with each carbon connected to two fluorine atoms. It is a vinyl-type polymer, and its structure is very similar to polyethylene. Polytetrafluoroethylene is made from the monomer tetrafluoroethylene through the process of free radical vinyl polymerization.
F F F F F F F F F F
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VVV--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--VVV
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F F F F F F F F F F