In the
Talmud as well as most other
Halachic literature, this concept is discussed in detail. The phrase
od v'od b'chlal meaning "up to(inclusive)" is
literally "until and totally until". The phrase
od v'lo od b'chlal which means "up to(exclusive)" literally says "until and not totally until."
These phrases come up in reference to a whole manner of measurements, especially limits on time. This is related to why some people who keep kosher wait six hours between eating milk and meat while others wait five hours and a few minutes. You are meant to wait until the sixth hour, but is it until the start of the sixth hour(exclusive), or until the end of the sixth hour(inclusive)?
Corrections welcome. The literal translations are my own.
There are other customs including waiting three hours and waiting one hour, but these are slightly outside the scope of this wu as they are related to the concept of digestion and not to problems of unspecific quantities.