I heard that this phrase actually found its origins after World War I -- enough English soldiers were lost during the war that England experienced a bit of a population problem, for a while, so the English ladies had to work overtime. Exhortations alternate to the one given above include "spread your legs and think of England" and "lie on your back and think of the Queen".

AFAIK, no woman has ever experienced orgasm while contemplating any of the Queens of England. But I could be wrong.