Here are all the interchanges on the beltway. As for the old exit numbers, the Maryland side was renumbered in 11-1979 (Prince Georges County, up to current exit 27) and 5-1980 (Montgomery County, north of current exit 27). The Virginia side was renumbered in 11-2000. The reason for the numbers in the 170s is that Interstate 95 uses the eastern half of the Beltway.

new old intersecting route
------- enters Maryland as I-95 north/I-495 north
  2  38 Interstate 295
  3  37 210
  4 37A 414
  7  36 5
  9  35 337
 11  34 4
 15  33 214
 16  -- USAir Arena
 17  32 202
 19  31 US Route 50
 20  30 450
 22  29 Baltimore-Washington Parkway
 23  28 201
 24  -- Park & Ride
 25  27 US 1
 --  26 Interstate 95
------- becomes I-495 west
 27  26 Interstate 95
 28  25 650
 29  24 193
 30  23 US 29
 31  21 97
 33  20 185
 34  19 355
 35  19 Interstate 270
 36  18 187
------- becomes I-495 south
 38  17 Interstate 270
 39  16 190
 40  16 Clara Barton Parkway
 41  15 Clara Barton Parkway
 43  14 George Washington Memorial Parkway
 44  13 193
 45  12 267 (Dulles Airport Access Road)
 46  11 123
 47  10 7
 49   9 Interstate 66
 50   8 US 50
 51   7 650
 52   6 236
 54   5 620
 57   4 Interstate 95/Interstate 395
------- becomes I-95 north/I-495 east
170   4 Interstate 95/Interstate 395
173   3 613
174  3A Eisenhower Ave
176   2 241
177   1 US 1

sources:
http://web.mit.edu/spui/www/boston/otherexitnumbers.html#i495va
http://web.mit.edu/spui/www/freeway/mdi495.html