MOP is short for Maintenance Operations Protocol. It's a DEC proprietary communications protocol used in many DEC systems for things like, well, netbooting workstations. The VAXstations, in addition to many other VAXen have the client side support for MOP built into their system ROMs. Without this built-in MOP client code, we wouldn't get very far in netbooting the machines. This is because MOP provides the means by which the NetBSD/vax bootloader is transferred to the VAX client. To boot a machine from the network using MOP you need to have a MOP server in addition to your VAX's client implementation of MOP

taken from the NetBSD/VAX netboot HOWTO