Provigil, also known by its generic name of modafinil, is a wakefulness-promoting agent for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness. It is prescribed primarily for the treatment of EDS in persons with narcolepsy.

For nearly fifty years, the only medications available to treat narcolepsy were high-abuse-potential, amphetamine-based drugs such as Dexedrine and Ritalin. Unlike traditional stimulants, Provigil does not mediate wakefulness by a dopaminergic mechanism; furthermore, it is (also unlike amphetamine/methylphenidate) highly selective to the anterior hypothalamus, a region of the brain believed to regulate normal wakefulness.