I'm pretty sure that Gollum's is meant to be, at least in part, a retelling of the story of Cain from the Hebrew Bible. Not only because of the murder of Déagol, but also because of the legacy that both leave behind. Cain, who was given a mark by God and set to wander the Earth until eternity, was also the legendary father of vampires. Gollum, although not explicitly linked to the vampire legend, is reffered to as "a ghost that drank blood" (The Fellowship of the Ring, p. 57), and one cringes to remember his lack of distinction in selecting prey.