(1898-1956) German, Marxist playwright. Brecht was anti-Aristotelian : He was critical of catharsis as a mode of response to drama, considering it counter-historical, and was critical of 19th cen. drama as serving a bourgeois ideology. The spectator, in Brecht's opinion, should be an observer. Brecht also thought that there should be decisions, argument over suggestion, and critical disengagement.

Brecht distrusted any apparatus that taught a bourgeois agenda (e.g. opera, or 19th cen. drama) because it naturalized human tragedy and made it seem inevitable. He was opposed to realistic settings and costumes and preferred particular over general representations of human behavior. See Stanislavski for his differing views on method acting.