Latvian is one of the two surviving members of the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family, the other being Lithuanian. Like the Estonians, the Latvians regard their language as an endangered species, which is understandable as only just over half of the population in the country-side, and only a third in Riga speak it as their first language. The language has few similarities with other european languages on first glance.

Latvian makes use of a number of special characters (most of them unrenderable here), viz.:

  • c, s, and z (with reversed circumflexes);
  • g (with an acute accent);
  • a,e,i and u (with a breve accent -- long bar over top); &
  • k and n (with a hook)