base (thing)

In chemistry:

A substance which combines with an acid to form a salt. In inorganic chemistry such compounds are almost invariably oxides or hydroxides, and water is eliminated during the combination; but in organic chemistry many compounds exist, especially ammonia derivatives, which directly combine with acids. Chemical bases are consequently antithetical to acids and an acid is neutralized by a base with the production of a salt. They reverse certain color reactions of acids, e.g. turn red litmus blue; this is termed an "alkaline reaction."¹

The following are some examples of bases most of us probably encounter (or have encountered) in daily life:

• Ammonia: Found in some glass cleaners and all-purpose cleaners.


• Sodium hydroxide: Lye is a key ingredient in drain cleaners, oven cleaners, and some soaps.


• Potassium hydroxide: Used in some liquid soaps and other cleaning products.


• Sodium bicarbonate: Baking soda is used in cookery, primarily baking, and as a cleaning agent.


• Magnesium hydroxide: Found in antacids to neutralize stomach acid and in milk of magnesia, a laxative.


• Sodium hypochlorite: Household bleach. Non-chlorine bleach is hydrogen peroxide or sodium percarbonate.


• Sodium carbonate: Washing soda, used in laundry detergents.


• Shampoo: Often contains mild bases.


• Toothpaste: Usually slightly basic to help neutralize acids in the mouth.


• Egg whites: Slightly basic.


• Chalk: Made of calcium carbonate.


• Calcium hydroxide: Slaked lime is used in cement manufacturing and water treatment.

PSA: Some cleaning supplies contain bases due to their ability to break down grease and grime. It's important to handle strong bases with care, as some can be corrosive or irritating to skin and eyes. The potential for chemical burns means they should also be kept out of the reach of children, as with any other household chemical.

¹Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition

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