Nokia is a small city (pop. 26900) on the banks of the
Emäkoski River in the county of
Pirkkala,
some 15 kilometers to the south of
Tampere,
Finland.
History
Nokia has been around long enough that even its name is obscure.
The most probable theory is that it comes from Old Finnish nois
(pl. nokia), meaning a type of dark-coated marten found in
the area to this day, and the
animal is thus enshrined on the Nokia coat of arms.
In modern Finnish, on the other hand, noki means soot and
nokia would mean soots, but using the plural makes little sense in
either language.
Nokia was the setting of one of the largest battles in the Club War,
a 1596 peasant uprising against Swedish feudal lords. The peasants,
armed with clubs (surprise!), took up residence in Nokia Manor and
won several skirmishes against the feudal cavalry,
but were decisively defeated by Klaus Fleming on January 1-2, 1597.
Thousands of clubmen were slain and their fled leader, Jaakko Ilkka,
was captured a few weeks later and executed. The Club War was the
last major peasant revolt in Finland, and it permanently consolidated the hold
of the nation state. Much later, in the Finnish Civil War (1918),
Nokia (along with neighboring Tampere) was a Communist stronghold
and saw some combat.
Industry
But Nokia had started on its road to world domination in
1865, when Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill in Nokia
and started manufacturing paper. The factory prospered and a town
started to develop around it, replacing what had previously been
just farmlands. In 1898, Nokia spawned the
Finnish Rubber Works, which manufactured galoshes and later also
tires. And for a long time this is what Nokia was known for in
Finland: in almost every Finnish home you can still find a pair or
two of long black rubber boots, emblazoned with exactly the same
"NOKIA" logo found on Nokia's cellphones.
The first step on the road to telecommunications was taken when
the Finnish Cable Works were opened in 1912 in Helsinki. Its 1967
merger with the Rubber Works resulted in the creation of the
Nokia Group, by then a vast industrial conglomerate for rubber,
cable, paper and electronics products. Combining most of these skills,
during the 1970s Nokia developed the DX 200 digital telephone switch
and the revenue share of the electronics department started to balloon.
The die was cast in May 1992, when newly elected
CEO Jorma Ollila decided to concentrate solely on telecommunications.
The rubber, paper and consumer electronics operations were spun off into
their own companies (all with names of the form "Nokian X"), but
the telecoms group retained the name Nokia for itself. The rest
is history.
Present
Oddly enough, Nokia (the telecom company) no longer has a single building
in Nokia (the place), their Finnish operations have been moved mostly to
the Helsinki area and Salo. The rubber and paper companies are
still there, and Nokia's spectacularly unsexy motto remains
"The City of Rubber, Paper and Electricity". These days, Nokia's
biggest -- some might say only -- draw for tourists is the
Rantasipi Eden Spa Hotel, the swankiest
spa and hotel in Finland featuring lots of liquid fun for the whole
family. (You'll probably need some liquid refreshment after
paying the bill though, as day pass prices start at €25 per head.)
References
http://www.nokiankaupunki.fi (City of Nokia, also in English)
http://www.nokia.com (Company of Nokia)
http://www.rantasipi.fi (Rantasipi Eden Spa Hotel)